ngysr ufkdaúoHdfõ yd nqÿ oyfï ufkdaúoHd me;slv

ngysr ufkdaúoHdfõ yd nqÿ oyfï ufkdaúoHd me;slv

ngysr ufkdaúoHdfõ yd nqÿ oyfï ufkdaúoHd me;slv

2016.10.20 Direct t& Indirect Speech

Introduction.

There two ways to convey a message of a person, or the words spoken by a person to other person.

1. Direct speech
2. Indirect speech   

Direct speech: John said, “I will give you a pen”.
Indirect Speech: John said that he would give me a pen.

Table for change in tense of reported speech for all TENSES.

     TENSE CHANGE - IN - INDIRECT SPEECH
     Present simple tense into Past simple
     Present Continuous tense into Past continuous
     Present Perfect tense into Pas perfect
     Present Perfect Continuous into Past perfect continuous
     Past simple into Past Perfect
     Past Continuous into Past Perfect Continuous
     Past Perfect into Past Perfect
     Future simple, will into would
     Future Continuous, will be into would be
     Future Perfect, will have into would have

xamples.

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT SIMPLE changes into PAST SIMPLE
He said, “I write a letter” She said, “he goes to school daily” They said, “we love our country” He said, “he does not like computer”	He said that he wrote a letter. He said that she went to school daily. They said that they loved their country He said that he did not like computer.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST CONTINUOUS
He said, “he is listening to the music” She said, “I am washing my clothes” They said, “we are enjoying the weather” I said, “it is raining” She said, “I am not laughing”	He said that he was listening to the music. She said that she was washing her clothes. They said that they were not enjoying the weather. She said that she was not laughing.
PRESENT PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT
She said, “he has finished his work” He said, “I have started a job” I said, “she have eaten the meal” They said, “we have not gone to New York.	She said that he had finished his work. He said that he had started a job. I said that she had eaten the meal. They said that they had not gone to New York.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
He said, “I have been studying since 3 O’clock” She said, “It has been raining for three days.” I said, “She has been working in this office since 2007”	He said that he had been studying since 3 O’clock. She said that it been raining for three days. I said that she had been working in this office since 2007.
PAST TENSE
PAST SIMPLE changes into PAST PERFECT
He said to me, “you answered correctly” John said, “they went to cinema” He said, “I made a table” She said, “I didn’t buy a car”	He said to me that I had answered correctly. John said that they had gone to cinema. He said that he had made a table. She said that she had not bought a car.
PAST CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
They said, “we were enjoying the weather” He said to me, “ I was waiting for you” I said, “It was raining” She said, “I was not laughing”	They said that they had been enjoying. He said to me that he had been waiting for me. I said that it had been raining. She said that she not been laughing.
PAST PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT (tense does not change)
She said, “She had visited a doctor” He said, “I had started a business” I said, “she had eaten the meal” They said, “we had not gone to New York.	She said that she had visited a doctor. He said that he had started a business. I said that she had eaten the meal. They said they had not gone to New York.
FUTURE TENSE
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE WILL changes into WOULD
He said, “I will study the book” She said, “I will buy a computer” They said to me, “we will send you gifts” I said, “I will not take the exam”	He said that he would study the book. She said that she would buy a computer. They said to me that they would send you gifts. I said that I would not take the exam.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE WILL BE changes into WOULD BE
I said to him, “ I will be waiting for him” She said,” I will be shifting to new home” He said, “I will be working hard” He said, “he will not be flying kite”	I said to him that I would be waiting for him. She said that she would be shifting to anew home. He said that he would be working hard. She said that he would not be flying kites.
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE WILL HAVE changes into WOULD HAVE
He said, “I will have finished the work” She said, “they will have passed the examination” He said, “I will have gone”	He said that he would have finished the work. She said that they would have passed the examination. He said that he would have gone.

2016.10.20 Direct t& Indirect Speech

Introduction.

There two ways to convey a message of a person, or the words spoken by a person to other person.

1. Direct speech
2. Indirect speech   

Direct speech: John said, “I will give you a pen”.
Indirect Speech: John said that he would give me a pen.

Table for change in tense of reported speech for all TENSES.

     TENSE CHANGE - IN - INDIRECT SPEECH
     Present simple tense into Past simple
     Present Continuous tense into Past continuous
     Present Perfect tense into Pas perfect
     Present Perfect Continuous into Past perfect continuous
     Past simple into Past Perfect
     Past Continuous into Past Perfect Continuous
     Past Perfect into Past Perfect
     Future simple, will into would
     Future Continuous, will be into would be
     Future Perfect, will have into would have

xamples.

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT SIMPLE changes into PAST SIMPLE
He said, “I write a letter” She said, “he goes to school daily” They said, “we love our country” He said, “he does not like computer”	He said that he wrote a letter. He said that she went to school daily. They said that they loved their country He said that he did not like computer.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST CONTINUOUS
He said, “he is listening to the music” She said, “I am washing my clothes” They said, “we are enjoying the weather” I said, “it is raining” She said, “I am not laughing”	He said that he was listening to the music. She said that she was washing her clothes. They said that they were not enjoying the weather. She said that she was not laughing.
PRESENT PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT
She said, “he has finished his work” He said, “I have started a job” I said, “she have eaten the meal” They said, “we have not gone to New York.	She said that he had finished his work. He said that he had started a job. I said that she had eaten the meal. They said that they had not gone to New York.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
He said, “I have been studying since 3 O’clock” She said, “It has been raining for three days.” I said, “She has been working in this office since 2007”	He said that he had been studying since 3 O’clock. She said that it been raining for three days. I said that she had been working in this office since 2007.
PAST TENSE
PAST SIMPLE changes into PAST PERFECT
He said to me, “you answered correctly” John said, “they went to cinema” He said, “I made a table” She said, “I didn’t buy a car”	He said to me that I had answered correctly. John said that they had gone to cinema. He said that he had made a table. She said that she had not bought a car.
PAST CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
They said, “we were enjoying the weather” He said to me, “ I was waiting for you” I said, “It was raining” She said, “I was not laughing”	They said that they had been enjoying. He said to me that he had been waiting for me. I said that it had been raining. She said that she not been laughing.
PAST PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT (tense does not change)
She said, “She had visited a doctor” He said, “I had started a business” I said, “she had eaten the meal” They said, “we had not gone to New York.	She said that she had visited a doctor. He said that he had started a business. I said that she had eaten the meal. They said they had not gone to New York.
FUTURE TENSE
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE WILL changes into WOULD
He said, “I will study the book” She said, “I will buy a computer” They said to me, “we will send you gifts” I said, “I will not take the exam”	He said that he would study the book. She said that she would buy a computer. They said to me that they would send you gifts. I said that I would not take the exam.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE WILL BE changes into WOULD BE
I said to him, “ I will be waiting for him” She said,” I will be shifting to new home” He said, “I will be working hard” He said, “he will not be flying kite”	I said to him that I would be waiting for him. She said that she would be shifting to anew home. He said that he would be working hard. She said that he would not be flying kites.
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE WILL HAVE changes into WOULD HAVE
He said, “I will have finished the work” She said, “they will have passed the examination” He said, “I will have gone”	He said that he would have finished the work. She said that they would have passed the examination. He said that he would have gone.

Nouns

 1 Countable Nouns..                                                    

chair
house
pen
 
  2 Uncountable Nouns

water
heat
honest
win


Ex Beauty is only sking

Necessity has no law

Love is and illusion




03 Abstract Nouns
Abstract nouns is a physical object 

Ex. It is a Quality ,State or Action 

01 Quality is from by adjective 

Adjective                                                                   Abstract Nouns 

Big+ ness        ..................................................  bigness
New+ness..............................................................newness
Kind+ness............................................................kindness


02 State is formed by common nouns

common nouns                                                    abstract nouns

mother+ hood.....................................................motherhood

Father + hood..................................................fatherhood
sister +hood ...........................................................sisterhood


03 action is formed by a verb

Verb                                                                        abstract nonus

go +ing ..................................................................going
play +ing ............................................................playing

My English Lesson BWEA 2016 in Kurunegala 2016.09.09

                                                Self Introduction 

01 Name .......

02 Age....

03 The place you are from .....

04 Family member....
                           Ex. I have 2 siblings ( brothers &sister)

05 School & Education.......

06 Hobbies ......* Like&Dislike

07 Favorite person .........

08 Favorite Food &BookS......

09 The place , I like to live.....

10 Future plans .................. 

2016.03.12 disaster Planning

1 New knowledge
මෙහිදී  ව්‍යයසන කළමනාකරණය පිළිබද අවබෝදයක් ල්බගත්තෙමි.  එසේම

*Preservation

*Conservation

පිළිබද තොරතුරු සොයා ගත්තෙමි. තවද විපත්තියක් ඇතිවිමේදී කල්ඇතිව ඒපිලිබදව අවබෝධ කරගෙනීම . ව්‍යයසන පිළිබද දත්ත හා තොරතුරු එකතු කිරීම වැදගත් වේ.


what is disaster plan ?

ව්‍යසන සැස්මක් යනු බොහෝ විට ලේඛනයක් ලෙස සැලකේ. කිසියම් ව්‍යසනයකට සුදැනම් වීම මෙමගින් සිදුවේ. එනම් කල් වෙලා ඇතිව සැලසුම් සකස් කර ගැනිමයි.

1 සැලසුම් පිළියෙළ කිරීම

2 ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම

3 පවත්වා ගැනීමේ පියවර

4 ඇගයිමේ පියවර

5 නැවත ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමේ අවස්ථා


ආදී දේවල් පිළිබද තොරතුරු ලබා ගත්තෙමි.

ඉලක්ක :

පෙර අවස්ථා

ආපදා අවස්ථා

ආපදාවන්ට පසු අවස්ථා

ආපදාවන්ට පෙර අවස්ථා :

• ආපදා සිදුවිය හැකි  ස්ථාන හදුනා ගැනිම.
• ආපදා සිදුවන ස්ථාන සිතියම් ගත කිරිම.
• හදිසි අවස්ථාවන්ට මුහුන දීම සඳහා සැලසුම් සකස් කිරීම
• ඒ සඳහා කමිටු ස්ථාපනය කිරීම.
• ප්‍රජාව දැනුවත් කිරීම.
• අදාල විය හැකි ආයතන ලැයිස්තු ගත කිරීම හා සම්බන්ධතා පවත්වාගෙන යාම
• ආපදා අවම කිරීමට උපකාරී වන ව්‍යාපෘති හදුනා ගැනීම.
• එම ව්‍යාපෘති ක්‍රීයාත්මක කිරීමට සම්බන්ධිකරණ‍‍ය කිරීම.
• රාජ්‍ය ආයතන සහ රාජ්‍ය නොවන ආයතන සම්බන්ධිකරණය කිරීම

ආපදා අවස්ථා :

• ක්ෂණික ප්‍රතිචාර දැක්විම
• අනතුරු ඇගවීම
• අදාල ආයතන වලට තොරතුරු ලබා දීම හා සම්බන්ධීකරණය කිරීම
• ආපදා තත්ත්වයෙන් ජනතාව සහ දේපල ගලවා ගැනීමට ක්‍රීයාත්මක විම
• සහන කදවුරු පවත්වාගෙන යාම සහ සුභසාධන සේවා ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම

ආපදාවක පසු අවස්ථා :

• හානි තක්සේරු හා පුනරුත්ථාපන කටයුතු
• හානියට පත් වු ප්‍රදේශ වල  යටිතල පහසුකම් සදහා අදාල ආයතන සම්බන්ධීකරණය කිරීම
• සහනාධාර ලබා දීම
• සහනාධාර ලබා දීමට ඉදිරිපත්වන පිටස්තර ආයතන හා සම්බන්ධීකරණය

තොරතුරු හා වාර්තා අදාල ආයතන වලට ලබා දීම

• අවශ්‍ය වන විට උපදේශන සේවා ක්‍රීයාත්මක කිරීම

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ප්‍රාදේශීය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ සැලැස්ම :

• ආපදා කළමනාකරණ කමිටු ස්ථාපනය කිරිම
• ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් තුමාගේ ප්‍රධානත්වයෙන් ප්‍රාදේශීය ආපදා කමිටුව ස්ථාපනය කිරීම
• ග්‍රාම නිලධාරී වරුන්ගේ ප්‍රධානත්වයෙන් ග්‍රාමීය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ කමිටු පිහිටුවිම

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ක්‍රියාකාරී සැලැස්ම :

• ප්‍රාදේශීය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ කමිටුව මාස 3 කට වරක් රැස්වීම.
• ග්‍රාමීය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ කමිටුව සෑම මාස 2 කට වරක් රැස්වීම.

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කළමනාකරණ ක්‍රීයාකාරී සැලැස්ම :

• අවදානම් කලාප සිතියම් ගත කිරීම.
• කඳවුරු ප්‍රදේශ හදුනා ගැනීම
• ආරක්ෂිත ස්ථාන ස්ථාපිත කිරීම
• හදිසි විකල්ප මාර්ග හදුනා ගැනීම .
• ජීවිතාරක්ෂකයින් පුරුදු කිරීමේ වැඩ සටහන්.
• ආපදා කළමනාකරණ මාර්ගෝපදේශනයක් සැකසීම.
• සේවා සපයන ආයතනවල තොරතරු යාවත්කාලීන කිරීම

විස්තාරන ඉගනුම - අන්තරජාලය